Predictors of long length of hospital stay among elders admitted with seizures in a tertiary centre: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Population ageing is a global phenomenon, and life expectancy in Brazil is growing fast. Epilepsy is the third most important chronic neurological disorder, and its incidence is higher among elderly patients than in any other segment of the population. The prevalence of epilepsy is greater among inpatients than in the general population and it is related to long length of hospital stay (LOS), which is associated with hospital mortality and higher healthcare costs. Despite these facts, reports of elderly inpatients admitted with seizures and associated outcomes are scarce. To identify predictors of long LOS among elderly inpatients admitted with seizures. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled elders admitted with epileptic seizures or who experienced seizures throughout hospitalization between November 2015 and August 2019. We analysed demographic data, neurological disorders, clinical comorbidities, and seizure features to identify risk factors. RESULTS: The median LOS was 11 days, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 5-21 days. The frequency of long LOS (defined as a period of hospitalization ≥12 days) was 47%. Multivariate analysis showed there was an exponential increase in long LOS if a patient showed any of the following conditions: intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR=4.562), urinary tract infection (OR=3.402), movement disorder (OR=5.656), early seizure recurrence (OR=2.090), and sepsis (OR=4.014). CONCLUSION: Long LOS was common among elderly patients admitted with seizures, and most predictors of long LOS found in this cohort might be avoidable; these findings should be confirmed with further research.

Predictors of long length of hospital stay among elders admitted with seizures in a tertiary centre: a prospective study / Preditores de longo tempo de internação hospitalar entre idosos admitidos com crises epilépticas em um centro terciário: um estudo prospectivo

ABSTRACT Population ageing is a global phenomenon, and life expectancy in Brazil is growing fast. Epilepsy is the third most important chronic neurological disorder, and its incidence is higher among elderly patients than in any other segment of the population. The prevalence of epilepsy is greater among inpatients than in the general population and it is related to long length of hospital stay (LOS), which is associated with hospital mortality and higher healthcare costs. Despite these facts, reports of elderly inpatients admitted with seizures and associated outcomes are scarce. Objective: To identify predictors of long LOS among elderly inpatients admitted with seizures. Methods: We prospectively enrolled elders admitted with epileptic seizures or who experienced seizures throughout hospitalization between November 2015 and August 2019. We analysed demographic data, neurological disorders, clinical comorbidities, and seizure features to identify risk factors. Results: The median LOS was 11 days, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 5-21 days. The frequency of long LOS (defined as a period of hospitalization ≥12 days) was 47%. Multivariate analysis showed there was an exponential increase in long LOS if a patient showed any of the following conditions: intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR=4.562), urinary tract infection (OR=3.402), movement disorder (OR=5.656), early seizure recurrence (OR=2.090), and sepsis (OR=4.014). Conclusion: Long LOS was common among elderly patients admitted with seizures, and most predictors of long LOS found in this cohort might be avoidable; these findings should be confirmed with further research.

RESUMO O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno global e o crescimento da expectativa de vida no Brasil tem sido rápido. A epilepsia é a terceira doença neurológica crônica mais importante e sua incidência em idosos é maior do que em qualquer outro segmento populacional. A prevalência de epilepsia é maior entre pacientes internados e está relacionada a longo tempo de internação (TDI), o qual está associado a custos elevados e mortalidade hospitalar. Apesar disso, são escassos os relatos de desfechos de pacientes idosos internados com crises epilépticas e resultados associados. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco de longo TDI em idosos admitidos com crises epilépticas. Métodos: Recrutamos prospectivamente pacientes idosos admitidos com crises epilépticas ou que tiveram crises durante a internação hospitalar entre novembro de 2015 e agosto de 2019. Analisamos dados demográficos, distúrbios neurológicos, comorbidades clínicas e tipos de crise epiléptica para identificar fatores de risco. Resultados: A mediana do TDI foi 11 dias, com intervalo interquartil (IIQ) de 5-21 dias. A frequência de longo TDI (definido como TDI≥12 dias) foi 47%. A análise multivariada mostrou que houve um aumento exponencial de TDI quando o paciente apresentou algumas dessas condições: admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) (OR=4,562), infecção urinária (OR=3,402), transtorno do movimento (OR=4,562), recorrência precoce de crise epiléptica (OR=2,090) e sepse (OR=4,014). Conclusão: Longo TDI é um desfecho desfavorável importante e foi comum entre idosos admitidos com crises epilépticas. Muitos dos preditores de longo TDI encontrados nessa coorte podem ser evitados, o que deve ser confirmado com pesquisas futuras.

Etiological prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in hospitalized elderly in a Brazilian tertiary center - Salvador - Brazil.

UNLABELLED: Epilepsy in the elderly has high incidence and prevalence and is often underecognized. OBJECTIVE: To describe etiological prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in elderly inpatients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on elderly patients who had epilepsy or epileptic seizures during hospitalization, from January 2009 to December 2010. One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled. They were divided into two age subgroups (median 75 years) with the purpose to compare etiologies. RESULTS: The most common etiology was ischemic stroke (36.7%), followed by neoplasias (13.3%), hemorrhagic stroke (11.7%), dementias (11.4%) and metabolic disturbances (5.5%). The analysis of etiological association showed that ischemic stroke was predominant in the younger subgroup (45% vs 30%), and dementias in the older one (18.9% vs 3.8%), but with no statistical significance (p = 0.23). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that epilepsy and epileptic seizures in the elderly inpatients have etiological association with stroke, neoplasias and dementias.

Etiological prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in hospitalized elderly in a Brazilian tertiary center – Salvador - Brazil / Prevalência etiológica de epilepsia e crises epilépticas em idosos hospitalizados em centro terciário – Salvador – Brasil

Epilepsy in the elderly has high incidence and prevalence and is often underecognized. Objective To describe etiological prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in elderly inpatients. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on elderly patients who had epilepsy or epileptic seizures during hospitalization, from January 2009 to December 2010. One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled. They were divided into two age subgroups (median 75 years) with the purpose to compare etiologies. Results The most common etiology was ischemic stroke (36.7%), followed by neoplasias (13.3%), hemorrhagic stroke (11.7%), dementias (11.4%) and metabolic disturbances (5.5%). The analysis of etiological association showed that ischemic stroke was predominant in the younger subgroup (45% vs 30%), and dementias in the older one (18.9% vs 3.8%), but with no statistical significance (p = 0.23). Conclusion This study suggests that epilepsy and epileptic seizures in the elderly inpatients have etiological association with stroke, neoplasias and dementias. .

Epilepsia no idoso tem alta incidência e prevalência e é frequentemente sub diagnosticada. Objetivo Descrever a prevalência etiológica da epilepsia e crises epilépticas em idosos internados. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, envolvendo idosos hospitalizados, de 60 anos ou mais, que foram admitidos de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010 por terem apresentado epilepsia e crises epilépticas durante a hospitalização. Cento e vinte pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois subgrupos de idade (mediana 75 anos), com o propósito de comparar etiologias. Resultados A etiologia mais comum foi o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (36,7%), seguido por neoplasias (13,3%), acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico (11,7%), demências (11,4%) e distúrbios metabólicos (5,5%). A análise da associação etiológica mostrou que o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico predominou no subgrupo mais jovem (45% vs 30%), e as demências no subgrupo mais velho (18,9% vs 3,8%), contudo essa diferença não evidenciou significância estatística (p = 0,23). Conclusão Este estudo sugere que epilepsia e crise epiléptica em idosos internados têm associação etiológica com acidente vascular cerebral, neoplasias e demências. .

Antiepileptic drugs patterns in elderly inpatients in a Brazilian tertiary center, Salvador, Brazil.

UNLABELLED: Epilepsy is very prevalent among elderly inpatients and treatment is far from ideal. OBJECTIVE: To analyze prescribing patterns of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for hospitalized elderly with epilepsy, their relations with comorbidities and comedications. METHOD: We assessed prescription regimen of elderly patients that were under AED use for treatment of epileptic seizures, during hospitalization. One hundred and nine patients were enrolled. AED regimen was categorized into two groups: Group 1 defined as appropriate (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, valproic acid, gabapentin, clobazan and lamotrigine) and Group 2 as inappropriate (phenytoin and phenobarbital). RESULTS: We found 73.4% of patients used inappropriate AEDs (p<0.001). Monotherapy was prescribed for 71.6% of patients. The most common comorbidity was hypertension. Potentially proconvulsant drugs as comedications were used for nearly half of patients. CONCLUSION: Inappropriate AED therapy was commonly prescribed regimen for elderly inpatients. Some recommendations are discussed for a better care of elderly inpatients with epilepsy.

Antiepileptic drugs patterns in elderly inpatients in a Brazilian tertiary center, Salvador, Brazil / Uso de drogas antiepilépticas em idosos internados em centro terciário, Salvador, Brasil

Epilepsy is very prevalent among elderly inpatients and treatment is far from ideal. Objective To analyze prescribing patterns of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for hospitalized elderly with epilepsy, their relations with comorbidities and comedications. Method We assessed prescription regimen of elderly patients that were under AED use for treatment of epileptic seizures, during hospitalization. One hundred and nine patients were enrolled. AED regimen was categorized into two groups: Group 1 defined as appropriate (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, valproic acid, gabapentin, clobazan and lamotrigine) and Group 2 as inappropriate (phenytoin and phenobarbital). Results We found 73.4% of patients used inappropriate AEDs (p<0.001). Monotherapy was prescribed for 71.6% of patients. The most common comorbidity was hypertension. Potentially proconvulsant drugs as comedications were used for nearly half of patients. Conclusion Inappropriate AED therapy was commonly prescribed regimen for elderly inpatients. Some recommendations are discussed for a better care of elderly inpatients with epilepsy. .

Epilepsia é frequente entre idosos hospitalizados e o tratamento costuma ser aquém do ideal. Objetivo Analisar os padrões de prescrição de drogas antiepilépticas para idosos hospitalizados com epilepsia, bem como sua relação com comorbidades e comedicações. Método Revisamos os prontuários de pacientes idosos internados com diagnóstico de epilepsia e que estavam em uso de droga antiepiléptica (DAE) durante o período de hospitalização. Cento e nove pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. O regime de DAE foi categorizado em dois grupos: Grupo 1, definido como apropriado (carbamazepina, oxcarbazepina, ácido valpróico, gabapentina, clobazam e lamotrigina) e Grupo 2, como inapropriado (fenitoína e fenobarbital). Resultados 73,4% dos pacientes usaram DAE inapropriadas (p<0,001). Regime de monoterapia foi usado por 71,6% dos pacientes. Hipertensão arterial foi a comorbidade mais frequente. Medicações concomitantes potencialmente proconvulsivantes foram usadas por quase metade desta população. Conclusão Regime de droga antiepiléptica inapropriada foi o mais utilizado em pacientes idosos internados. São discutidas algumas recomendações para melhor cuidado ao paciente idoso hospitalizado com epilepsia. .